Ítalska lýðveldi dagur

From 2000 BC to 1000 BC, Indo-European peoples continued to immigrate. The period from 27 BC to 476 BC was the period of the Roman Empire. In the 11th century, the Normans invaded southern Italy and established a kingdom. In the 12th and 13th centuries, it was divided into many kingdoms, principalities, autonomous cities and small feudal territories. Italy was in a state of fragmentation. In addition to kingdoms, principalities, papal jurisdictions and many small feudal territories, autonomous city-states were established in places such as Venice and Genoa. By the 15th and 16th centuries, Italy experienced unprecedented literary and artistic prosperity and became the birthplace of the European "Renaissance". Since the 16th century, Italy has been occupied by France, Spain, and Austria. Still torn apart. In order to strive for national reunification, the Italian people continued to fight against foreign aggression and feudal rule. The Kingdom of Italy was established in March 1861. In September 1870, the royal army captured Rome and finally completed the unification.

When World War I broke out in 1914, Italy first became neutral, and then declared war on Germany and Austria on the side of the Allied Powers of Britain, France, and Russia, and won. On October 31, 1922, Mussolini formed a new government and began to implement fascist rule. When World War II broke out in 1939, Italy was initially neutral. After Germany won the victory in France, Italy joined Germany in June 1940 and declared war on Britain and France. Mussolini was overthrown in July 1943. On September 3 of the same year, the Badoglio cabinet appointed by the king signed an armistice agreement with the Allied Powers. Italy surrendered unconditionally and declared war on Germany in October. A referendum was held in June 1946, officially declaring the abolition of the monarchy and establishing the Italian Republic. After the war, the Italian government changed frequently, but the government's domestic and foreign policies were characterized by relative stability and continuity.